How are burns classified?

Burns are classified primarily by depth because this classification helps determine the severity of the burn and the appropriate treatment. There are three main types of burn depth:

1. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) and are characterized by redness, minor swelling, and pain. Examples include mild sunburns.

2. Second-degree burns penetrate deeper, affecting both the epidermis and part of the underlying layer (dermis). These burns present with blisters and can be very painful.

3. Third-degree burns extend through the dermis and affect deeper tissues. They may appear white, charred, or leathery, and often result in a loss of sensation due to nerve damage.

By classifying burns based on depth, healthcare providers can assess the potential for complications, the necessity for interventions such as fluid replacement or surgery, and the expected healing time. This classification directly impacts how a patient is treated and monitored for recovery.